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Since Java 7, we've been introduced to the StandardCharsets class, which has several Charsets available such as US_ASCII, ISO_8859_1, UTF_8 and UTF-16 among others.Įach Charset has an encode() and decode() method, which accepts a CharBuffer (which implements CharSequence, same as a String). This now outputs the exact same String we started with, but encoded to UTF-8:Įncode a String to UTF-8 with Java 7 StandardCharsets Note: Instead of encoding them through the getBytes() method, you can also encode the bytes through the String constructor: String utf8String = new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8) Considering the fact that we've encoded this byte array into UTF_8, we can go ahead and safely make a new String from this: String utf8String = new String(bytes) Though, again, we can leverage String's constructor to make a human-readable String from this very sequence.
String to utf 8 converter code#
These are the code points for our encoded characters, and they're not really useful to human eyes. Let's get the bytes of a String and print them out: String serbianString = "Šta radiš?" // What are you doing? byte bytes = serbianString.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8) Since encoding is really just manipulating this byte array, we can put this array through a Charset to form it while getting the data.īy default, without providing a Charset, the bytes are encoded using the platforms' default Charset - which might not be UTF-8 or UTF-16. The String class, being made up of bytes, naturally offers a getBytes() method, which returns the byte array used to create the String. There are several ways we can go about encoding a String to UTF-8 in Java.Įncoding a String in Java simply means injecting certain bytes into the byte array that constitutes a String - providing additional information that can be used to format it once we form a String instance. To avoid this issue, we can assume that not all input might already be encoded to our liking - and encode it to iron out such cases ourselves. While the first two Strings contain just a few characters that aren't valid ASCII characters - the final one doesn't contain any. Once we've created these Strings and encoded them as ASCII characters, we can print them: ��ta radi��? String asciijapaneseString = new String(japaneseString.getBytes(), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII) String asciigermanString = new String(germanString.getBytes(), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII) Now, let's leverage the String(byte bytes, Charset charset) constructor of a String, to recreate these Strings, but with a different Charset, simulating ASCII input that arrived to us in the first place: String asciiSerbianString = new String(serbianString.getBytes(), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII) String japaneseString = "よろしくお願いします" // Pleased to meet you. String germanString = "Wie heißen Sie?" // What's your name?
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Let's write out a couple of Strings: String serbianString = "Šta radiš?" // What are you doing? We'll be working with a few Strings that contain Unicode characters you might not encounter on a daily basis - such as č, ß and あ, simulating user input. Additionally, not all output might handle UTF-16, so it makes sense to convert to a more universal UTF-8. You might actually receive an ASCII-encoded String, which doesn't support as many characters as UTF-8. Not all input might be UTF-16, or UTF-8 for that matter. Why would we need to convert to UTF-8 then? Note: Java encodes all Strings into UTF-16, which uses a minimum of two bytes to store code points. UTF-8 uses one byte to represent code points from 0-127, making the first 128 code points a one-to-one map with ASCII characters, so UTF-8 is backward-compatible with ASCII. "Variable-width" means that it encodes each code point with a different number of bytes (between one and four) and as a space-saving measure, commonly used code points are represented with fewer bytes than those used less frequently. UTF-8 represents a variable-width character encoding that uses between one and four eight-bit bytes to represent all valid Unicode code points.Ī code point can represent single characters, but also have other meanings, such as for formatting. When working with Strings in Java, we oftentimes need to encode them to a specific charset, such as UTF-8.